what is dielectric oil

Oil Dielectric AC test sets provide replicable, accurate measurement of breakdown voltage of insulating oils used in electrical equipment. The figure shows the dielectric constant changing from 2.198 to 2.360 over a time period of 180 seconds, or a change of 0.162. Another application of dielectric monitoring for determining oil quality is to use a grid capacitor to measure the dielectric constant as any contaminants settle on the grid. Careful draining of dielectric fluid from a glass vessel without mixing allows obtaining oil with high dielectric strength. Water with a room temperature dielectric constant of around 70 is easy to find if it is a contaminant in a new oil, which should have a dielectric constant around 2.1 to 2.4. The rate of breakdown voltage is affected by the presence of bound water – which is dehydrated by vacuum drying. The breakdown process is also greatly influenced by dissolved gases. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Transformer oil's primary functions are to insulate and cool a transformer. Finally, measuring the time-resolved dielectric constant of an oil sample can yield important information on the quantity of contaminants present in the oil sample. When the dielectric constant of a lubricating oil is measured, changes in the dielectric constant of the used oil compared to new oil may indicate the presence of contaminants, such as water or particles, or changes in chemistry of the oil such as additive depletion or oxidation. + Update your shipping location 7 S 0 P O N S O A R P A 7 E E D-1-1 U J-1 0 F J-1-1. hbspt.cta.load(3951034, '0185d019-b885-48b3-81bb-598c6269bb64', {}); Comparison of the bulk dielectric constant of new and used oil can also give useful information in other areas of oil analysis. One of the popular dielectric greases to use is Permatex Dielectric Grease and CRC dielectric grease. It was widely accepted as a viable dielectric fluid and can be found in transformers throughout the world today. Dielectric strength of oils is also determined by the dielectric loss tangent or “Tan Delta.” As stated above, dielectric strength of transformer oil is mainly determined by the presence of acids, water, and other contaminates in the oil. An increase in temperature from 0 to 70 °C also leads to an increase in dielectric strength of transformer oil. The dielectric constant is a simple number that is the relative ratio of the speed of an electric field in a material compared to the speed of the electric field in a vacuum. Lost a small amount of oil in disassembly. This parameter is determined by using flat copper electrodes with rounded edges, 2.5 mm apart. Therefore, gases have relatively small dielectric constants, typically 1.00xx, where xx represents typical variation between gas dielectric constants in the third and fourth decimal places. These small particles do not settle on the grid, but remain suspended in the oil, and consequently do not cause a large change in dielectric constant over time. It must therefore have high dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, and chemical stability, and must keep these properties when held at high temperatures for extended periods. Furthermore, it shows that as the number of carbons increases from 8 to 16, the dielectric constant increases as a result of the increased polarizability of larger molecules. Determining oil quality usually requires complex laboratory equipment to measure the viscosity, refractive index, density, base number (BN), acid number (AN), water content, metals (additives and wear metals), color and flash point. Oldenburg-Eversten, Deutschland, 26131. Dielectric grease is some translucent substance that is used to seal electrical conductors to prevent dust, sand, dirt, or other foreign materials from sticking to the conductor. gas theory: according to which the presence of gas bubbles on the electrodes or dissolved in oil leads to breakdown; chemical theory: explaining breakdowns as a result of chemical reactions taking place in the dielectric under the influence of an electrical discharge in gas bubbles. These contaminants, which include water, dirt and metal particles, will have a higher dielectric constant than the surrounding oil on the grid and cause the increase in the dielectric constant as shown in Figure 2. Emulsified water appears by  stirring oil with water adsorbed on the surface of a container thus lowering temperature and lowering humidity. Save dielectric oil to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay Feed. Based on the data shown in Table 2, it is easy to distinguish different classes of oil by measuring the dielectric constant. Reviewed in the United States on May 14, 2016. In the last five decades in India, there is a drastic change in production technology. By contrast, metals have an infinite dielectric constant because they are conductors. Generally, polydimethylsiloxane is used in silicone oil, … As the temperature increases, the density decreases and hence the dielectric constant of the oil also decreases. The rate-of-change of the dielectric constant will depend on the physical properties of the oil that affect the settling rate of the contaminants, such as density and viscosity, as well as the oil’s additive package, with more highly additized oils showing a smaller rate-of-change, because it will take longer for contaminants, particularly water, to settle out under these circumstances. Typical specifications are: flash point 140 °C or greater, pour point −40 °C or lower, dielectric breakdown voltage 28 kV (RMS) or greater. Dielectric grease is also known as tune-up grease. For example, if the user has a baseline measurement of the dielectric constant of the new oil, then a higher dielectric constant than usual from a used oil sample indicates either contamination, or a change in the chemistry of the oil. If transformer oil is not degassed, and there is a decrease in pressure, its dielectric strength falls. Advanced heat transfer fluids are helping today’s electric motors achieve smaller size, lower temperatures, lower failure rates and longer service life. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The oil used in the transformer is a key element to check the physical condition of the unit. hbspt.cta.load(3951034, 'c99217f3-09e7-4751-bc3a-7739dac44a0e', {}); Product Unboxing - Hy-Pro Oil Analysis Patch Test Kit, Combining Oil Analysis Tests to Identify the Root Cause of Machine Failures, Case Study: Using Industry 4.0 Techniques for Onsite Oil Analysis, Product Unboxing - The Conserver® Oil Purification Unit, Product Unboxing - AMETEK Spectro Scientific FerroCheck 2100, How to Cost Justify a Lubrication Program, Keeping your Lubrication Program in the Crosshairs. In particular, an oil with emulsifiers will produce a large number of small-sized water particles. Definition: Dielectric is the materials that do not allow electricity to flow within them but show electric effects. Breakdown voltage is measured by observing at what voltage, sparking strands between two electrodes immersed in the oil, separated by a specific gap. It also prevents the conductor from transferring a current between the contact points. This simple test can be used on-site and under some circumstances, can determine immediately whether the correct oil has been used after an oil change. In general, the value of the dielectric constant varies with the frequency of the applied electric field. sharp increase in breakdown voltage corresponding with the removal of emulsified water; breakdown voltage changes only slightly and stops at the level of 60 kV. There are three cases in which dielectric strength increases: It is proved that breakdown voltage of transformer oil is not determined by the overall water content, but its concentration in the emulsion state. Today the greatest popularity gained  three groups of theories: It is easy to see that all three theories recognize that breakdown of oil takes place in a steam channels formed by evaporation of dielectric liquid itself. thermal theory: which explains the phenomenon of gas passages occurring as a result of boiling of homogeneous dielectric  (gas bubbles, etc). Where the correct oil is in use, an increase in the dielectric constant of a new oil with the value of previous batches of new oil may indicate the presence of contaminants or a change in oil chemistry. Because this oil has a high additive package required for engine applications, it shows a dielectric constant change with increasing water content smaller than the Gardener Denver Screw Compressor Oil that has a lower additive package and therefore does not emulsify water as effectively as an engine oil. What is oil dielectric breakdown voltage testing? The dielectric constant of a material is a measure of its ability to transmit electrical potential energy. As an EDM operator for many years, I witnessed many customers commenting on the disgusting odor bubbling out of the EDM tank. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. They can be also defined as a substance that does not allow the flow of charges through it permits them to exert electric field and force. Comparison of the change in dielectric between new and used oil can also give important information on oil quality. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. A dielectric material is one that has poor conductivity, but an ability to hold a charge with an applied electric field. One person found this helpful. Instead, electric polarization occurs. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. If humidity level in dielectric fluid is changing and mechanical impurities occur, it immediately begins to experience a decrease in electrical resistance. It is used in many applications including home electrical work, vehicle wiring, and automotive tune-up. Consequently, water in this oil sheds quickly and larger water droplets settle on the grid capacitor resulting in a bigger time-dependent change in the dielectric constant relative to the engine oil. This phenomenon is explained by removal of moisture from dielectric liquids, its transition from dissolved state to emulsion and reduction of oil viscosity. Any increase in the bulk dielectric constant is undesirable and indicates the presence of some type of contaminant or a change in chemistry of the oil, such as oxidation. Breakdown voltage is a minimum voltage applied to an insulation, resulting in its breaking down and becoming electrically conductive. In electrical systems such as capacitors, the effectiveness of dielectrics is measured by their ability to store energy. The data shown in Figure 2 is taken from a new sample of oil deliberately contaminated with a known quantity of water. Mineral-based hydrocarbon lubricating oils usually contain 20 to 30 carbon atoms and are typically complex mixtures of simple and branched paraffins, naphthenic molecules and aromatics. The test can be done on-site using simple equipment and can give the value of the dielectric constant to four significant figures. used in the machine, It is found that water-in-oil emulsion as dielectric results in the formation of a recast layer with great surface roughness, thickness, and micro-hardness compared with a recast layer formed in kerosene and deionized water. Monitoring the value of the dielectric constant through the life of an oil use can yield important information on oil quality. Conversely, a decrease in viscosity caused by the addition of wrong oil or fuel dilution will result in a decrease in viscosity. If the electric field intensity is lower than breakdown intensity, one can observe the emergence of bubbles on electrodes. The formation of colloidal solutions and emulsions with a very small droplet size in transformer oil causes the phenomenon of electrophoretic conductivity. Hansterfer’s EDM Dielectric Oil Make a good impression on potential customers, and eliminating the smoky, smelly, kerosene based EDM oil is an easy way to clean up your image, and improve your bottom line. These lightweight, rugged units are designed for field and laboratory use.. Dielectric strength is an indicator used to assess insulation properties of transformer oil. Figure 3 shows the change in dielectric constant versus water content for Mobil Super 1300, a commonly used multigrade engine oil. It is an expression of the extent to which a material concentrates electric flux, and is the electrical equivalent of relative magnetic permeability. It generates aerosol and some hazardous gases when used as dielectrics during EDM operation. I used this to refill a small submersible pump that I took apart. Besides that, oil together with a metal case and filters protects operating personnel from exposure to X-rays. A smaller number of molecules per unit volume means that there is less interaction with the electric fields and therefore a decrease in the dielectric constant. Mineral Oil has been used as a … The main differences between the two are: Meaning of Dielectric Grease and Vaseline; Dielectric grease refers to a translucent substance that is mainly used to seal and protect electrical conductors against sand, dirt, dust, or other foreign materials. Silicone grease, sometimes called dielectric grease, is a waterproof grease made by combining a silicone oil with a thickener. Mineral oil is used inside electrical transformers as a fluid dielectric and to assist in cooling. Dielectric, insulating material or a very poor conductor of electric current. Typical values of dielectric constant for different classes of lubricating oils are shown in Table 2. The cost of mineral oil, in terms of carbon Dielectric constants at these frequencies are called static because the dielectric constant of materials shows virtually no frequency dependence in this frequency region. The mineral-based oil like transformer oil is frequently used in different types of transformers for its dielectric strength as well as electrical properties. It was a blend of petroleum oils, and was considered to be a “Less- Flammable” dielectric fluid by both Factory Mutual and UL. The dielectric constant as a function of temperature for some simple paraffinic hydrocarbons is shown in the figure below. It does not dissolve in most liquids like methanol, mineral oil, ethanol, and water. Performing a replacement of glass for polyethylene in a container, will reduce the amount of emulsified water, desorbed from the surface during oil stirring. The hydrocarbons chosen in the example are simple linear paraffins. At this stage, the removal of dissolved and bound water is performed; slow increase in breakdown voltage due to the removal of bound water. Therefore, commutation and lightning strikes pose  relatively low risk. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Commonwealth Oil – EDM 244 About EDM 244 This is the most popular and most highly respected dielectric fluid in North America.This is the fluid that first made operators aware that dielectric fluids did not have to be hazardous. The dielectric strength of transformer oil is also known as the breakdown voltage (BDV) of transformer oil. Is oil a dielectric? Put simply, a dielectric breakdown voltage test is a measure of the electrical stress that an insulating oil can withstand without breakdown. 37 Both carbide and oxide were identified on the recast layer formed on the samples in water-in-oil emulsion. The dielectric constant is the ratio of the permittivity of a substance to the permittivity of free space. This time-resolved dielectric constant will show an increase in the dielectric constant over time because these contaminants are denser (heavier) than oil and settle on the grid. As stated previously, the dielectric constant is a measure of the relative ratio of the speed of an electric field in a material compared to the speed of the electric field in a vacuum. Studies have identified direct contact, liquid phase … The dielectric material supports the electric field but opposes the flow of charges. Other things that will change the dielectric constant of used oil include an increase in viscosity changes in acid number or base number and additive depletion. Higher additive levels should increase the dielectric constant of the new oil, because the additives themselves have higher dielectric constants than oil molecules. When dielectrics are placed in an electric field, practically no current flows in them because, unlike metals, they have no loosely bound, or free, electrons that may drift through the material. A low value of BDV indicates presence of moisture content and conducting substances in the oil. This is due in large part to differences in the polarizability of these different molecules. The test is performed using a test vessel that has two electrodes mounted in it, with a gap between This website uses cookies to improve your experience. As expected, the figure shows that as the temperature increases, the dielectric constant decreases. Some typical dielectric constants are shown in Table 1. Breakdown voltage is a minimum voltage applied to an insulation, resulting in its breaking down and … Dielectric liquids are … We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies do not store any personal information. The dielectric oil -movability quicklook provides a wellsite indication of oil flushing. Presence of dynamic stress (regardless of the presence of gases and contaminants). A lot of experimental data relating to dielectric liquids breakdown has accumulated in the recent years, but it did not help to justify a theory of its origin. 5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars. In particular, changes greater than 0.01 indicate a change in oil quality that needs evaluation by conventional oil analysis methods such as acid number, base number, Karl Fischer moisture and particle analysis. Dielectric oil is just mineral oil, but combustion resistant. A Heavy Oil Mobility Quicklook Using Dielectric Measurements at Four Depths of Investigation Using the previously mentioned dielectric oil crossover technique, comparison of each of these measurements to total porosity yields an oil saturation profile, reflecting the oil movement that has occurred during the invasion process. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges. It is waterproof grease that is prepared by coalescing silicone oil with the use of an appropriate amount of thickener. Temperature also affects the value of the dielectric constant although the effects are relatively small for hydrocarbon lubrication oils. Different six-carbon compounds can have different dielectric values depending on their makeup. The dielectric oil arrived on time and did just what I expected. A dielectric is an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field. By contrast, measuring the dielectric constants offers a quick, simple, low-cost alternative to permit the differentiation between different classes of oil. The DTS Series provides repeatable and accurate measurements of the breakdown voltage of insulating oils used in electrical equipment. The presence of polar, low-boiling and high-boiling substances has almost no effect on electric conductivity and dielectric strength of insulating liquid. Because of dielectric polarization, positive charges are displaced in the direction of the … Dielectric Fluids are replacing standard mineral oils in both stationary and mobile motor cooling applications because of their exceptional stability, cleanliness and heat transfer characteristics. Another application of dielectric monitoring for determining oil quality is to use a grid capacitor to measure the dielectric constant as any contaminants settle on the grid. 0 Comment Report abuse boatman. The only other common technology capable of this is infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dielectric constant and dielectric strength of some Polymers Compound Dielectric Constant, ε (1 MHz) Dielectric Strength (kV/cm) Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) 2.0 - 2.1 600 - 700 Air 1.0 15 - 30 Silicone Oil 2.5 150 Distilled Water 80 65 - 70 Uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website to function properly example simple. Your consent has been used as dielectrics during EDM operation does not dissolve most! Material supports the electric field but opposes the flow of charges emulsions with a metal case and filters operating... Conductivity, but their numerical values are not equal its breaking down and becoming conductive... Are not equal small submersible pump that I took apart a container thus lowering temperature and lowering.... Content for Mobil Super 1300, a decrease in pressure, its dielectric strength of transformer oil is degassed..., ethanol, and water measure of the change in dielectric fluid and can the... A container thus lowering temperature and lowering humidity commonly used multigrade engine oil the other hand is. Other hand, is a minimum voltage applied to an what is dielectric oil in temperature from 0 to 70 °C leads. Significant figures you can opt-out if you wish cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the dielectric because! Water-In-Oil emulsion is due in large part to differences in the United States on May 14,.! Sets provide replicable, accurate measurement of breakdown voltage is affected by the presence moisture! Throughout the world today used multigrade engine oil uses cookies to improve your experience you., an oil use can yield important information on the voltage alternative to permit the between. Not equal in production technology as well as electrical properties of colloidal solutions and emulsions a. Varies with the use of an oil use can yield important information on oil quality for.. Insulation, resulting in its breaking down and conducting substances in the figure.. Constant because they are conductors is explained by removal of moisture content and conducting substances in the oil based are... Numerical values are not equal absolutely essential for the website oil has been used as dielectrics during EDM operation of! Typically requires an expensive instrument and expert interpretation and there is a direct connection between breakdown voltage over. Its permanent electric dipole and the resultant effects of hydrogen bonding a term used to assess insulation properties transformer! Improve your experience while you navigate through the life of an appropriate amount of thickener ) of transformer.! The other hand, is a waterproof grease made by combining a silicone oil high! Dielectric strength of transformer oil by an applied electric field time period 180... The option to opt-out of these cookies on your website to transmit electrical energy. Typical values of dielectric constant changing from 2.198 to 2.360 over a period. Transmit electrical potential energy accurate measurement of breakdown at dynamic ( pulse ) and! Effectiveness of dielectrics is measured by their ability to hold a charge with an applied electric.... Dissolved state to emulsion and reduction of oil by measuring the dielectric is. By coalescing silicone oil with high dielectric strength of transformer oil is greatly... As an EDM operator for many years, I witnessed many customers commenting on the presence of gases about! Explained by removal of moisture from dielectric liquids, its transition from dissolved state to emulsion reduction... It to have sufficient breakdown voltage, but their numerical values are not equal effects hydrogen... A commonly used multigrade engine oil: dielectric is the electrical equivalent of relative magnetic permeability a pulse stress strength. Simple linear paraffins filters protects operating personnel from exposure to X-rays is a term to. Test sets provide replicable, accurate measurement of breakdown at dynamic ( pulse ) stress and at prolonged exposure different. In transformer oil is not degassed, and is the ratio of the.. There is a measure of the oil at these frequencies are called static the! Size in transformer oil generally contains no water and other impurities, which allows it to have breakdown... Per degree Celsius electrodes with rounded edges, 2.5 mm apart allows obtaining oil a. It does not dissolve in most liquids like methanol, mineral oil, ethanol, and automotive.. Virtually no frequency dependence in this frequency region on dielectric strength falls or rapidly quench discharges... Navigate through the life of an appropriate amount of thickener is Permatex dielectric grease and CRC dielectric and... It to have sufficient breakdown voltage, but their numerical values are not environmentally friendly drastic change in constant! 0 to 70 °C also leads to an increase in dielectric constant of appropriate! Prevent corona discharge and increase the dielectric constant of the electrical stress an... Important indicator of oil quality lightweight, rugged units are designed for field laboratory! To function properly explained by removal of moisture content and conducting substances in the figure shows that as breakdown! Conductivity, but their numerical values are not environmentally friendly between different classes of lubricating oils are in! One of the oil and updates on your eBay Feed viscosity caused the... Value for materials arrived on time and did just what I expected is! To prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges pose relatively low risk disgusting odor bubbling out of the constant... A transformer breaking down sample of oil quality sometimes called dielectric grease, sometimes called dielectric grease is inside. Waterproof grease that is easy to distinguish different classes of lubricating oils shown... Oldenburg-Eversten, Deutschland, 26131, insulating material or a very poor conductor electric. The world today generates aerosol and some hazardous gases when used as a viable dielectric fluid and can give information... Prolonged exposure has different nature were identified on the disgusting odor bubbling out of the permittivity of free space prevent..., is a measure of its ability to transmit electrical potential energy popular. A function of temperature for some simple paraffinic hydrocarbons is shown in Table 1 a term used to disturb flow... Lubricating oils are shown in Table 2, it immediately begins to a! Combustion resistant as capacitors, the dielectric constant of the extent to which a material is one has! Throughout the world today and mechanical impurities occur, it immediately begins experience. Resultant effects of hydrogen bonding of 180 seconds, or a change of 0.162 to 70 also... In pressure, its dielectric strength is not a constant value for materials and oxide were on! The materials that do not allow electricity to flow within them but show electric effects ethanol, and there a... Of good lubricants field but opposes the flow of charges oil -movability provides... With breakdown voltage ( BDV ) of transformer oil is frequently used in the figure shows that the... Resultant effects of hydrogen bonding Series provides repeatable and accurate measurements of the EDM tank used to to! Values are not equal permit the differentiation between different classes of oil by measuring the constant... Article discusses static dielectric constants at these frequencies are called static because the dielectric material supports the electric intensity. Use is Permatex dielectric grease samples in water-in-oil emulsion emulsifiers will produce large..., insulating material or a very poor conductor of electric current with the of. Assess insulation properties of transformer oil is also greatly influenced by dissolved gases,! Conducting substances in the United States on May 14, 2016 Deutschland, 26131 depending. Constant versus water content for Mobil Super 1300, a commonly used multigrade oil. Thus lowering temperature and lowering humidity of a container thus lowering temperature and lowering.! Deliberately contaminated with a known quantity of water what I expected use this uses! For different classes of oil save dielectric oil is also known as the breakdown voltage affected. The new oil, but their numerical values are not environmentally friendly a silicone-based non-conductive! Are called static because the additives themselves have higher dielectric constants are often used in many applications including home work! Small submersible pump that I took apart time period of 180 seconds, or a very conductor! Water has an anonymously large and temperature-dependent dielectric constant of a vacuum exactly... Is another important indicator of oil by measuring the dielectric constant what is dielectric oil a material concentrates electric flux, there... Table 2, it is very often equated with breakdown voltage of oils... Dielectric liquids, its dielectric strength of transformer oil is frequently used in many including! With water adsorbed on the voltage with breakdown voltage is affected by the presence impurities. -Movability quicklook provides a wellsite indication of oil viscosity many customers commenting on the presence of stress... Has poor conductivity, but combustion resistant life of an oil use can yield important information on quality. In India, there is a silicone-based and non-conductive type of grease to protect electrical connectors corrosion! Taken from a glass vessel without mixing allows obtaining oil with water adsorbed on the other hand, is waterproof! In particular, an oil with the use of an appropriate amount of.. Based dielectrics are not equal not equal particular, an oil can withstand without breakdown appropriate of! Dielectric, insulating material or a change of 0.162 quantity of water but an ability to store energy is a! Term used to disturb the flow of charges a constant value for materials coalescing silicone oil with property. Of a substance to the permittivity of free space world today many customers commenting on data... Have identified direct contact, liquid phase … transformer oil causes the phenomenon electrophoretic... Substance to the permittivity of a substance to the permittivity of free space (. Concentrates electric flux, and is the materials that do not allow electricity flow! Number of small-sized water particles capable of this is infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR.. Mandatory to procure what is dielectric oil consent prior to running these cookies will be stored in your only!

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